How DO surgeons perform a sex change? Eye-watering animation reveals every stage of how a man becomes a woman

This fascinating video reveals exactly how surgeons perform a male to female sex change.The animation, uploaded by the European Society of Urology, shows how a penis and testicles are removedand a vagina is formed.The new genitalia even has a clitoris capable of orgasm.It begins by making clear men who seek to become women must meet certain criteria.The patient must have already had two psychological approvals – where experts deem they should have thesurgery – before an assessment  by surgeons to ensure they are fit and well.They must also have lived as a woman for at least 18 months, had hormone therapy for 12 months, and changed their first name legally by deed poll.The video shows how the patient is first put in a position in which they are lying on the operating table, theirknees bent and their feet flat and turned outwards.A catheter is placed in their urethra to drain urine and collect the fluid.Surgeons make a cut in the scrotum, the flap of skin is pulled back, and both testicles are removed.Next, the dorsal nerve bundle (a nerve that gives the penis feeling) the glans (the head of the penis) and the urethra (the pipe through which urine and semen flows) are separated from the corpus cavernosum, the main ‘shaft’ of the penis.

Now, the patient’s legs are raised and the penis is further dissected – with the corpora cavernosa – the main fleshy bits of the penis cut away – right up to the the pubic bone as possible.With this cut away only the urethra, the central pipe, is left.This is cut shorter, and is later put into a different place in the vagina, comparable to where a naturally-bornwoman would have her urethra, the outlet from which urine will flow.The excess skin of the penis and foreskin is used to make a long flaccid tube of skin, which is inverted to become vaginal canal, known as a ‘neo-meatus’.The rest of the urethra is stitched into it to make the canal slightly wider in circumference, so the woman will be able to have sex.Next, incisions are made in the genitals where women normally have a clitoris and a urethra.

A clitoris is formed through cutting the glans, the head of the penis, to a smaller size. It is then attached to the genitals with fine stitches.Surgeons then cut further down what was the scrotum, towards the anus, and cut away the anus’ main tendon, the centrum tendineum.The space between the rectum and the base of the prostate is roughly developed to make space for the new vagina, and the area is stitched up.For the outer female genitals, each half of the skin of the scrotum is tailored to become the labia minora and majora – the inner and outer ‘lips’ of the vagina’.The incisions are strategically placed to look like natural skin closes in the vaginal lips.Research has shown that after surgery many patients are able to enjoy a satisfying sex life.In one study, carried out on 24 patients at the University of Tuebingen, Germany, it was reported that all patients were able to have an orgasm.
Marc Pacifico, consultant plastic surgeon and member of the British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS), said the psychological aspects of the operation are ‘hugely important’.He told MailOnline: ‘This is an irreversible operation so the decision to go through with it has to be as concrete from the patient and from their doctors.’There are thorough psychiatric pathways that all the patients have to go down prior to even entering the surgical route.’The operation is not straightforward. ‘There are risks, as with any operation, but the genitals are not a cleanarea – so there is there is a risk of infection and delayed healing.’You can get stenosis, tightening of the vagina. Many people undergoing the surgery will need dilaters to open it up.’There’s a risk of bleeding, or the skin – such as the new clitoris – dying.’He added that sex change surgery is only one part of the gender reassignment process.He said: ‘The genitals are only one part of it; lots of people have surgery to feminise their nose and their voice box

ZIKA VIRUS:THE NEW BABY KILLER AND NIGHTMARE FOR PREGNANT WOMEN.

Officials in four Latin American and Caribbean nations have warned women to avoid pregnancy amid concerns over an illness causing severe birth defects.
That was a BBC  headline pertaining to this new threat to they ever precious newborn.It is said to have arrived they UK and has prompted Brazil to warn pregnant women to sit out this year’s Olympics over fears about its deleterious effects.But what is Zika virus and why is 2016 suddenly becoming the year of this deadly virus?According to wikipedia Zika virus ( ZIKV) is a member of the Flaviviridae virus family and the Flavivirus genus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. In humans, it causes a mild illness known as Zika fever , Zika, or Zika disease, which since the 1950s has been known to occur within a narrow equatorial belt from Africa to Asia. In 2014, the virus spread eastward across the Pacific Ocean to French Polynesia , then to Easter Island and in 2015 to Central America the Caribbean, and South America as the ongoing Zika virus in the Americas (2015 – present) and is now considered pandemic.The illness is like a mild form of dengue fever, is treated by rest,and cannot be prevented by drugs or vaccines.Zika virus is transmitted by daytime-active mosquitoes and has been isolated from a number of species in the genus Aedes , such as A. aegypti , and arboreal mosquitoes such as A. africanus, A. apicoargenteus , A. furcifer , A. hensilli, A. luteocephalus , and A. vitattus. Studies show that the extrinsic incubation period in mosquitoes is about 10 days.The vertebrate hosts of the virus are primarily monkeys and humans.Common symptoms of infection with the virus include mild headaches, maculopapular rash, fever, malaise, pink eye , and joint pains. The first well-documented case of Zika virus was described in 1964, began with a mild headache, and progressed to a maculopapular rash, fever, and back pain. Within two days, the rash started fading, and within three days, the fever resolved and only the rash remained.
Data suggest that newborns of mothers who had Zika virus infection during the first trimester of pregnancy are at an increased risk for microcephaly.Since December 2015, it has been suspected (but not proven) that a transplacental infection of the fetus may lead to microcephaly and brain damage.So thats were we are today.They BBC further reports that Brazil said the number of babies born with suspected microcephaly – or abnormally small heads – had reached nearly 4,000 since October.
Meanwhile, US health authorities have warned pregnant women to avoid travelling to more than 20 countries in the Americas and beyond, where Zika cases have been registered.Its a challenge for women because it sounds absurd to tell women to delay parturition over a virus that few people even know about.
In Colombia, more than 13,500 cases have been reported.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued initial travel warnings to pregnant women last week, adding eight more places to the list on Friday. The warnings now extend to:
Central and South America: Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela
Caribbean: Barbados, Saint Martin, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe
Oceania : Samoa
Africa: Cape Verde

Lassa fever: Death toll hits 40

The Federal Government yesterday confirmed the death of 40 Nigerians in a Lassa fever outbreak in 10 states of the country.
Eighty-six people were infected in Bauchi, Nasarawa, Niger, Taraba, Kano, Rivers, Edo, Plateau, Gombe and Oyo ,according to Health Minister Isaac Adewole.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines Lassa fever as an acute haemorrhagic illness which belongs to the arenarvirus family of viruses, which also includes the Ebola-like Marburg virus.

WOMENS HEALTH:WHAT’S YOUR TUMMY TYPE?COMPARE WITH THIS PHOTO.

MIRACLE OF GASTRIC BYPASS:650 POUND WOMEN LOSES A THIRD OF HER BODY WEIGHT.

She underwent a gastric by pass which has become a life saving procedure for thousands of obese individuals.See photos below;

Teenager’s horror as doctors find a THREE STONE parasite twin in his stomach… with hair and teeth

This happens rarely.A “parasitic twin”growing inside of you.For this indian teenager named Narenda the stomach pains became chronic with no relieving factor despite frequent doctor visitations.

He received the shock of his life when doctors told him that a malformed foetus of his twin that weighed 2.5kg and contained bones,hair and teeth was found inside him.The parasite had been feeding off Narendra, 18, after forming an umbilical cord-like structure that leached its twin’s blood supply.He was finally diagnosed with ‘foetus in fetu,’ a rare condition with only 200 cases ever reported worldwide.

WHAT IS FOETUS IN FETU?
Foetus in fetu is an incredibly rare condition that affects only one in five million live births.It is a condition where the malformed foetus is found in the body of its twin.The foetus is found in the abdomen in 80 per cent of cases, although there have been reports of it occurring in the skull.There are only 200 reports of it ever happening.While the diagnosis is gaining popularity, the World Health Organisation has classified ‘foetus in fetu’ as avariant of mature teratoma, a type of cancer where the tumour is well-developed.

The science of sex: Experts reveal why love hurts, how sex helps us live longer – and why it’s so important tokiss

Whether you call it sex, intercourse or making love, we all know what happens when we slip between the sheets.But how does the act of coitus change our brains and bodies? And why does it hurt so much when we are rejected after a fling?The act of sex sets off a cascade of hormones, which trigger pleasure, happiness, and bonding, scientists reveal.A plethora of studies now shows intercourse is good for our health, from protecting against heart disease and osteoporosis, to staving off dementia and improving mood.Below, they describe exactly how sex can help us live longer, and why sexual rejection breaks our hearts..

WHY LOVE HURTS
A key hormone released during sex is oxytocin, also known as the ‘cuddle hormone’. This lowers our defences and makes us trust people more, says Dr Arun Ghosh, a GP specialising in sexual health at the Spire Liverpool Hospital.It’s also the key to bonding, as it increases levels of empathy. Women produce more of this hormone, although it’s not clear why, and this means they are more likely to let their guard down and fall in love with a man after sex.However, the problem is that the body can’t distinguish whether the person we’re with is a casual fling or marriage material — oxytocin is released either way. So while it might help you bond with the love of your life, it’s also the reason you may feel so miserable when a short-term relationship ends.Men, on the other hand, instead of getting a surge of bonding hormone receive a surge of simple pleasure.‘The problem is that when a man has an orgasm, the main hormone released is dopamine — the pleasure hormone. And this surge can be addictive,’ says Dr Ghosh.That’s why so many more men tend to suffer from sex addiction.

STAVING OFF DEMENTIA
Many of us are all too aware that our brain cells decline with age. In fact, it’s said we lose 7,000 brain cells a day by the time we’re 35, which makes rather depressing reading.The good news, however, is that having regular sex may help us grow new brain cells, according to scientists from Princeton University in the United States.And the more sex you have, the more cells you can grow, it seems. Animal studies, published in the journal PLoS ONE, suggest that sex stimulates the growth of brain cells in the hippocampus, the part of the brain responsible for memory and learning.Factors such as stress and depression have been shown to shrink the hippocampus, yet exercise and sex counteract this effect.Furthermore, sex could actually be protecting our brain cells against decline.‘There is some evidence that older people who are sexually active are less likely to have dementia and this could be for a variety of complex reasons,’ says Dr Ghosh.
Sex causes increased blood flow to the brain, which improves oxygen levels.‘MRI scans have shown that during orgasm the neurons in the brain are more active and use more oxygen,’ explains Barry Komisaruk, professor of psychology at Rutgers University and a leading authority on sex andneuroscience.‘It appears that the more active the neurons, the more oxygen they withdraw from the blood — so more oxygenated blood is supplied to the region, delivering a fresh supply of nutrients.’But as well as boosting brain cells, sex could also sharpen a woman’s mind, says Dr Ghosh. That’s due to asurge in sex hormones, particularly testosterone, which can help improve concentration and reaction times.

SMOOCHING MEANS BETTER SEX
The lips are packed with nerve endings — 100 times more than the fingertips.As a result, kissing kick-starts multiple mechanisms in the brain, releasing chemicals that lower stress and boost mood, says Dr Ghosh.‘You’ll have much better sex if you kiss before intercourse,’ says Dr Ghosh.+8Kissing kick-starts multiple mechanisms in the brain, releasing chemicals that lower stress and boost mood- and improving sex, Dr Ghosh saidIt increases levels of the pleasure hormones and will make you a lot more receptive to what happens later.‘That’s why loving sex can be more satisfying than a quickie — and that endorphin hit from dopamine is especially important for women.

’A NATURAL PAINKILLER
Orgasm (rather than sex) can block pain signals, says Professor Komisaruk.Research using laboratory animals and humans has found that orgasm can inhibit the release of pain transmitters from the spinal cord so they can’t reach the neurons in the brain that respond to pain.In fact, he says, it can raise the pain threshold so much that the equivalent effect in morphine is three timesthe usual pain-relieving dose.

MIND POWER
A lot of sexual health research focuses on what’s happening physically.But experts say that for many people — especially women — the mind plays a key role in achieving orgasm.While male brains tend to focus on the physical stimulation involved in sexual contact, the key to female arousal seems to be deep relaxation and a lack of anxiety.The scans show that, during sex, the parts of the female brain responsible for processing fear, anxiety and emotion start to relax more and more, reaching a peak at orgasm, when the female brain’s anxiety and emotion are effectively closed down.

THE ULTIMATE HAPPY PILL‘
There is a known circuit in the brain that’s involved in feeling happy,’ explains Paul Thompson, professor ofneurology at the University of California, Los Angeles, and an expert in brain imaging.‘This is called the limbic region, which is deep in the brain, and it’s more active when we’re rewarded. The same system is activated by sex, drugs, gambling — basically anything we enjoy.‘There’s more blood flow to the head, more neurons firing, more brain activity.‘Much of this deep brain circuit runs on the hormone dopamine. Anything pleasurable tends to cause these brain cells to exude more of it and this makes them fire faster.’‘Without doubt, sex has not only physical but psychological and social benefits, too,’ says Dr Ghosh.
The endorphins released during sex can really help treat depression and clear the mind.‘One is serotonin, also called the happy hormone, which creates a sense of bliss. People often say that sex is the last thing they feel like doing when they’re depressed, but do try it if you can.‘And don’t worry if you get emotional afterwards — it’s very common to end up crying after sex. This is caused by a combination of endorphins being released and heightened emotions.

’BETTER SLEEP
If you’re struggling to nod off, it’s better to have sex than take a sleeping pill, says Dr Ghosh.‘In fact, it’s more beneficial to have sex in the evening rather than the morning because the body wants to be relaxed afterwards, not get up and go to work.‘By having sex at the end of the day you’ll reap more of the stress-relieving benefits. For a man, a powerful orgasm is the equivalent of having on average a 2-3mg shot of diazepam (or Valium).‘That’s why so many men nod off afterwards — there really is a biological reason for this.’

IT STAVES OFF  PROSTATE CANCER
Researchers at Nottingham University have found that men who enjoy a regular sex life in their 50s are at lower risk of developing prostate cancer. ‘Clearing the prostate out regularly is the reason behind this,’ says Dr Ghosh.‘The link was suggested after research showed that monks appear to have a higher chance of developing prostate cancer.’

IT’S A GOOD WAY TO TEST YOUR EYES.
Sex relaxes the muscles and alleviates neck and shoulder tension, says Dr Arun Ghosh, a GP specialising insexual health at the Spire Liverpool Hospital. And surprisingly, it might also tell you whether you need glasses.‘I’ve had patients complain of poor vision after sex. What’s happened is that, like all the other muscles in the body, their eye muscles have relaxed and are performing at their true ability, rather than straining and squinting as they would normally.’So if your sight goes blurry after sex, it’s worth going for an eye test.

IT PROTECTS AGAINST HEART DISEASE
Sex can have a protective effect on the heart. A study at Queen’s University in Belfast found that having sexthree times a week could halve the risk of heart attack or stroke.Another study in Israel found that women who had two orgasms a week were up to 30 per cent less likely tohave heart disease than those who didn’t enjoy sex or didn’t orgasm.Dr Lisa Turner, a sex and relationship therapist, says: ‘One theory is that  these women may have felt depressed, which has been linked with an increased risk of a heart attack.’The endorphins released during sex also neutralise the stress hormones in the body, which are linked to heart disease.’

IT GUARDS AGAINST INCONTINENCE
Providing that a woman is fairly active during sex, then it’s a good workout for her pelvic floor muscles, says Dr Gillian Vanhegan, a spokesman for the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.The muscles that stem the flow of urine, reducing leakage and incontinence, all benefit and this reduces therisk of stress incontinence and prolapse later in life, both of which are very common.‘After having children many women don’t have the time to do dedicated pelvic floor exercises, so sex provides a natural workout.’

IT’LL HELP YOU  QUIT SMOKING
Here’s a simple way to get your man to kick his smoking habit — remind him that it causes the penis to shrink and can cause impotence.Erections are all about good blood flow, and lighting up worsens blood flow to the spongy tissues in the penis, says Raj Persad, consultant urological surgeon at Bristol Royal Infirmary.‘As a result, they become starved of oxygen and the delicate cells die away. They then become fibrotic — forming scar tissue — which is less elastic and less able to expand during an erection than regular healthy tissue.’Smoking is also a known cause of erectile dysfunction as it causes hardening of the arteries and hampers good blood flow.A study of more 7,000 Chinese men, published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, found that the more cigarettes smoked a day, the higher the risk of impotence.

AND FINALLY…USE IT OR LOSE IT
‘Just like smoking or diabetes, a lack of regular blood flow to the penis will over time cause some of the tissues to die,’ says Mr Persad.Indeed, Finnish research has confirmed that men who had sex less than once a week at the start of the study were twice as likely to develop erectile dysfunction as those who had it at least once a week.In the study of 1,000 men aged between 55 and 75, those who had sex three or more times a week lowered their risk fourfold.There’s no reason not to  enjoy a full sex life in old age, adds Dr Jackson.‘We have some patients in their 80s taking Viagra-type drugs and studies have shown that a regular sex lifecan prolong life — it’s basically another form of exercise.‘There seems to be a myth that you’re past it once you hit 65, but that’s rubbish.’

Revealed… 12 cancers that ARE inherited – and how the ‘Angelina Jolie gene’ could also trigger stomach and prostate tumors

It has long been recognized that part of the risk a person will develop cancer, is a genetic one.Mutations hidden within our DNA, and passed through the generations, are very important in some tumors, yet less so in others.But now, a new study has shed light on which forms of the disease can be blamed on genetics.Scientists at Washington University have identified 12 cancers triggered by inherited mutations.They are ovarian, stomach, breast, prostate, two types of lung disease, glioma, head and neck, endometrial, kidney, glioblastoma and acute myeloid leukaemia.Furthermore, the researchers analysed the role the BRCA gene mutations – dubbed the ‘Angelina Jolie gene’ -have in cancers other than ovarian and breast.The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are most commonly associated with breast and ovarian cancer.

Their role in the diseases has been highlighted by the plight of Hollywood star, Jolie, after she revealed she was found the carry the mutation.The mother-of-six opted to have a double mastectomy and have her ovaries removed, as a preventative measure after doctors warned she faced an 87 per cent chance of developing breast cancer – eight times the chance for an average woman.Surprisingly, the Washington scientists discovered the mutations also play a key role in stomach and prostate cancers, and could influence other forms of the disease.The discovery has implications for improving the accuracy of existing genetic tests for cancer risks, scientists said.It may also lead to the expansion of available tests to include a wider variety of tumors.Study author Dr Li Ding said: ‘In general we have known that ovarian and breast cancers have a significant inherited component, and others, such as acute myeloid leukemia and lung cancer, have a much smaller inherited genetic contribution.‘But this is the first time on a large scale that we’ve been able to pinpoint gene culprits or even the actual mutations responsible for cancer susceptibility.’The scientists analysed genetic information from more than 4,000 cancer cases included in The Cancer Genome Atlas Project.Previous genomic studies of cancer compared sequencing from patients’ healthy tissue as well as their tumors.Those studies uncovered genetic mutations present in the tumors and helped researchers identify important genes that could play a role in cancer.But that research doesn’t distinguish between inherited mutations that are present at birth – or mutations acquired over a person’s life.
The new study sought to ‘tease out’ cancer’s inherited components.To do so, the scientists added analysis of the sequencing data from the patients’ normal cells that contain ‘germline’ information.A person’s germline is the genetic information inherited from both parents.By looking at this layer of information, scientists were able to look at a genetic baseline of a patient’s genesat birth – and reveal whether cancer-associated mutations were already present.The scientists looked for rare germline mutations in genes known to be associated with cancer.If one copy of one of the genes from one parent was already mutated at birth, the second normal copy fromthe other parent can often ‘compensate’ for the defect.However, people with such mutations are more susceptible to a ‘second hit’ – meaning that as they age, they have a higher risk of developing mutations in the remaining copy of the gene.Dr Ding said: ‘We looked for germline mutations in the tumor.‘But it was not enough for the mutations simply to be present; they needed to be enriched in the tumor – present at higher frequency.

If a mutation is present in the germline and amplified in the tumor, there is a high likelihood it is playing a role in the cancer.’Of the 114 genes already known to be associated with cancer, the scientists found rare germline mutations in all 12 cancer types.The scientists focused on a type of mutation called a truncation – as most truncated genes can’t function.The study found that 19 per cent of ovarian cancers carry rare germline truncation.
On the other hand, only four per cent of acute myeloid leukemia cases carried those truncations.Furthermore, they found that 11 per cent of the stomach cancer cases include the truncations – which was a surprise because the number is similar to the percentage for breast cancer.Dr Ding said: ‘We also found a significant number of germline truncations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes present in tumour types other than breast cancer, including stomach and prostate cancers, for example.‘This suggests we should pay attention to the potential involvement of these two genes in other cancer types.‘Of the patients with BRCA1 truncations in the germline, 90 per cent have this BRCA1 truncation enriched in the tumour, regardless of the cancer type.’Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in women at risk of breast cancer has proven to be ‘extremely useful’ in prevention efforts.But genetic testing can also reveal many other genetic mutations that have unknown consequences – which means their cancer risk can’t be predicted.That’s why the scientists investigated 68 germline non-truncation mutations of unknown significance in theBRCA1 gene.They tested how well the BRCA1 protein could perform DNA-repair functions – and found that six of the mutations behaved like truncations, disabling the gene completely.Those same mutations were also found in the tumors – which means they may play a role in cancer.Dr Ding said: ‘It is important to be able to show that these six mutations of unknown clinical significance are, in fact, loss-of-function mutations.’The scientists said more information is needed to confirm these results before patients should use them to make healthcare decisions.

Revealed: Why 3pm is the best time for making love

The best time of day to make love is 3pm – when most of us are at work. That’s apparently when men and women are most in tune with each other’s desires.
In the afternoon, women have high levels of the hormone cortisol, which helps alertness, and are at their most energetic.
Around the same time, men have elevated levels of oestrogen, making them ‘more emotionally present’ during sex.
Hormone expert Alisa Vitti, described 3pm as the ‘afternoon delight’, saying it was the perfect compromise for both sexes’ satisfaction, with men giving women the ‘emotional support’ they crave while still getting plenty of enjoyment.
Miss Vitti, author of the hormone guide WomanCode, said that while men sleep, they produce testosterone, a key hormone in sexual arousal and performance. Levels peak in the early to mid-morning, meaning this is the perfect time for a man to have sex.
‘Men are more interested in initiating sex during this window and are more capable of a better sexual response,’ she added.
However, the late afternoon is another good time for men to have sex because, while their testosterone levels go down, their oestrogen levels rise.
‘While this may not seem like a logical set-up for satisfaction, given the previous endorsement of testosterone, the combination actually makes men more emotionally present during sex and better able to focus on (a woman’s) needs and satisfaction,’ said Miss Vitti.
‘You can see why “afternoon delight” is a thing.’
She also said the best time of the month to have sex was during the ten days or so after ovulation, when ‘women experience a surge in oestrogen and testosterone that causes their desire to skyrocket’.
She added that at this point women ‘feel way more appreciative of receiving pleasure’.
‘This is when cortisol is still abundant and energy is high.’ The trick to having a truly satisfying sex life is for partners to figure out how to synchronise their libidos, said Miss Vitti, who calculated that the best compromise between the two sexes is 3pm.
Unfortunately, being at work at this time of day is likely to prove a challenge for many couples. Previous research has shown that the human body produces a surge in sex hormones and a rush of adrenaline first thing in the morning.
Because of this, sex researchers have suggested that is the best time of day to procreate.
‘In men, testosterone levels peak around 7am, while you’ll both be fully rested, with heightened senses,’ said sex therapist Suzie Hayman, adding that women ‘tend to be more tactile and responsive’ while waking up.
In addition, the average amount of time spent on foreplay almost doubles first thing in the morning, according to a study from Rutger’s University in the US.
This is the time when couples are most likely to have orgasms and conceive, according to research from the University of Modena in Italy.

Binge drinking is WORSE than first thought: Risk of ‘tremendous liver damage is 13 times higher in people who binge regularly’

Binge drinking is bad for your health – the statement is no revelation.But now, scientists have warned consuming chronic quantities of alcohol in short time periods is worse than they once feared.Regularly binge drinking combined with chronic alcohol consumption significantly increases a person’s riskof ‘tremendous liver damage’, a new study found.Excessive alcohol consumption is a global public health issue.In the United States, binge drinking is the most common form – so common, in fact, that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports approximately one in six adults binge drinks about four times each month.
The CDC defines binge drinking as consuming five or more drinks on an occasion for men or four or more drinks in around two hours for womenProfessor Shivendra Shukla, the Margaret Proctor Mulligan professor of medical pharmacology and physiology at the University of Missouri School of Medicine, said: ‘Heavy binge drinking by those who habitually consume alcohol is the most common cause of liver damage in chronic alcoholic liver disease.